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Auricularia auricula-judae (Bull.:Fr.) Wettst. 1885
The first valid description of this species was by Linnaeus as Tremella auricula L. 1753. The nomenclatural history of this name was complicated by Fries, who sanctioned the name Exidia auricula-judae in 1823, citing Tremella Auricula Judae Linn..This is apparently an error, as no record of publication of auricula-judae by Linnaeus could be located. Later authors followed Fries, erroneously attributing the epithet auricula-judae to Linnaeus (e.g. Wettstein 1885, Quelet 1886, Saccardo 1888). In fact, Bulliard was the first to validly publish the epithet, as Tremella auricula-judae Bull. 1789. Tremella auricula-judae Bull. 1789 is a superfluous name for Tremella auricula L. 1753, but auricula-judae has priority due to its sanctioning by Fries (Art. 15.1). According to Donk (1941 p. 161), Fries assigned Tremella auricula-judae to the genus Exidia based on examination of fresh specimens of an Exidia sp., later recognizing his error. Because Fries did not explicitly exclude the type of the basionym Tremella auricula-judae, this misapplication does not alter the type, which remains that of Tremella auricula-judae (Art. 7.4).
The nomenclature of the generic name Auricularia is controversial (see Donk 1941, 1949, 1958). Donk's proposals to conserve Auricularia Bull. 1789 (as Bull. ex Marat 1821) against several other homonyms were later found to be unnecessary and were withdrawn by the author (Donk 1958). Donk selected Auricularia tremelloides Bull. = Auricularia mesenterica as type from among the species originally described by Bulliard in the genus. Persoon (1818) and Brongniart (1822) considered Auricularia auricula-judae (as Peziza auricula L.) to be the type of the genus, but this was not among the species originally described in Auricularia by Bulliard (1791) (see Donk 1958). The synonyms Auricula judae Kuntze 1891 and Auricula ampla Kuntze 1891 are invalid names, in an invalid genus (Art. 43.1) (see Donk 1958).
Nomenclature Report:
Auricularia auricula-judae (Bull. : Fr.) Wettst. 1885 (Basidiomycetes, Auriculariales)
≡ Tremella auricula-judae Bull. : Fr. 1789 Note: Superfluous replacement name (nom. nov.), but sanctioned by Fries.
≡Auricularia auricula (L.) Underw. 1902
≡Exidia auricula Wallr. 1833 Note: Wallroth erroneously cited Exidia auricula Fr. , but Fries published only the name Exidia auricula-judae.
≡Hirneola auricula (L.) H. Karst. 1880
≡Merulius auricula (L.) Roth 1788
≡Peziza auricula (L.) L. 1767
≡Tremella auricula L. 1753
≡Auricularia auricula f. auricula (L.) Underw. 1902
≡Exidia auricula-judae (Bull. : Fr.) Fr. 1822 Note: Sanctioned by Fries. Fries cited L. but adopted the epithet auricula-judae published by Bulliard. According to Donk, misapplied based on specimens of an Exidia sp., but Fries did not explicitly exclude the type.
≡Hirneola auricula-judae (Bull. : Fr.) Berk. 1860
≡Peziza auricula-judae (Bull. : Fr.) Bull. 1791
≡Auricularia auricula-judae f. auricula-judae (Bull. : Fr.) Wettst. 1885
≡Auricularia auricula-judae var. auricula-judae (Bull. : Fr.) Wettst. 1885
≡Auricularia judae Fr. 1816
≡Auricularia sambuci Pers. 1822 Note: A superfluous name (Art. 52.1); Persoon cited Tremella auricula.
= Auricularia ampla Pers. 1826
≡ Exidia ampla (Pers.) Lév. 1846
≡ Hirneola ampla (Pers.) Sacc. 1888
= Auricularia auricula-judae var. lactea Quél. 1886
≡ Hirneola auricula-judae var. lactea (Quél.) D.A. Reid 1970
≡ Auricularia lactea (Quél.) Bigeard
= Gyraria auricularis Gray 1821
≡ Auricularia auricularis (Gray) G.W. Martin 1943 Note: (Gray) Donk 1949 is an erroneous author citation for this fungus.
= Auricularia sambucina G. Martin 1817
Notes: The nomenclature of the generic name Auricularia is controversial (see Donk 1941, 1949, 1958). Donk's proposals to conserve Auricularia Bull. 1789 (as Bull. ex Marat 1821) against several other homonyms were later found to be unnecessary and were withdrawn by the author (Donk 1958). Donk selected Auricularia tremelloides Bull. = Auricularia mesenterica as type from among the species originally described by Bulliard in the genus. Persoon (1818) and Brongniart (1822) considered Peziza auricula L. to be the type of the genus, but this was not among the species originally described in Auricularia by Bulliard (1791) (see Donk 1958). The first valid description of Auricularia auricula-judae was by Linnaeus as Tremella auricula L. 1753. The nomenclatural history of this name was complicated by Fries, who sanctioned Exidia auricula-judae in 1823, citing Tremella Auricula Judae Linn. This is apparently an error, as no record of publication of auricula-judae by Linnaeus could be located. Later authors followed Fries, erroneously attributing the epithet auricula-judae to Linnaeus (e.g. Wettstein 1885, Quelet 1886, Saccardo 1888). In fact, Bulliard was the first to validly publish the epithet, as Tremella auricula-judae Bull. 1789. Tremella auricula-judae Bull. 1789 is a superfluous name for Tremella auricula L. 1753, but auricula-judae has priority due to its sanctioning by Fries (Art. 15.1). According to Donk (1941 p. 161), Fries assigned this fungus to the genus Exidia based on examination of fresh specimens of an Exidia sp., later recognizing his error. Because Fries did not explicitly exclude the type of the basionym Tremella auricula L. 1753, this misapplication does not alter the type, which remains that of Tremella auricula (Art. 7.4). The synonyms Auricula judae Kuntze 1891 and Auricula ampla Kuntze 1891 are invalid names, in an invalid genus (Art. 43.1) (see Donk 1958). )
Distribution: Cosmopolitan.
Substrate: Wood, often coniferous.
Disease Note: Commercially harvested edible fungus.
Host: Multiple plant families.
Supporting Literature:
Donk, M.A. 1941. Nomina generica conservanda and confusa for Basidiomycetes (Fungi). Bull. Bot. Gard. Buitenzorg Ser. III 17 pt 1: 155-197.
Donk, M.A. 1949. New and revised nomina generica conservanda proposed for Basidiomycetes (Fungi). Bull. Bot. Gard. Buitenzorg Ser. III 18: 83-168.
Donk, M.A. 1958. The generic names proposed for Hymenomycetes--VIII. Auriculariaceae, Septobasidiaceae, Tremellaceae, Dacrymycetaceae. Taxon 7: 164-178.
Lowy, B. 1952. The genus Auricularia. Mycologia 44: 656-692.
Wettstein, R.v. 1885. Vorarbeiten zu einer Pilzflora de Steiermark. Unknown journal or publisher, -- pages.
Updated on Nov 03, 2005
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Written by Erica Cline, 16 May 2006
Suggested citation: Cline, E. Auricularia auricula-judae. Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. Retrieved November 21, 2009, from http://nt.ars-grin.gov/sbmlweb/OnlineResources/FungiOnline.cfm .
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