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Discostroma fuscellum
This fungus was initially described by Berkeley and Broome in 1852 under the name Sphaeria fuscella. According to Huhndorf (1992), Berkeley & Broome (1852) erroneously described the ascospores as pale brown in their English description (with color unspecified in the Latin description), but in a figure accompanying the type specimen they annotated the ascospores of Sphaeria fuscella as hyaline. Based on the description of brown ascospores, Sphaeria fuscella was widely considered to be a Leptosphaeria. Wehmeyer (1957) examined the type specimen and found that it contained a fungus with hyaline ascospores identical to Sphaeria corticola (= Discostroma corticola); however, Wehmeyer regarded the confusion surrounding the discrepancies between the type specimen and Berkeley & Broome's description as grounds for rejecting the name as a nomen dubium. Huhndorf (1992) disagreed, arguing that Sphaeria fuscella was suitable for use as the basionym for this fungus. As the epithet fuscella has priority over corticola, she transferred Sphaeria fuscella to the genus Discostroma and placed Discostroma corticola in synonymy. The fungus is still commonly referred to as Discostroma corticola in the literature.
The anamorph of Discostroma fuscellum was first described by Corda in 1839 as Sporocadus lichenicola, the type of the genus Sporocadus. Shoemaker (1964) treated Sporocadus as a synonym of Seimatosporium and transferred Sporocadus lichenicola to the genus Seimatosporium as Seimatosporium lichenicola. Brockmann (1975) disagreed, maintaining Sporocadus as a distinct genus on the basis of differences in conidial morphology. Here we follow Brockmann (1975) in retaining Sporocadus lichenicola as the accepted name for the anamorph of Discostroma fuscellum (as Discostroma corticola). The status of the genus Sporocadus remains controversial.Nag Raj (1993) followed Brockmann (1975) in maintaining it as a distinct genus, while Sutton (1980) followed Shoemaker (1964) in considering Sporocadus to be a synonym of Seimatosporium.
Both Brockmann (1975) and Sutton (1980) listed an extensive synonymy for Sporocadus lichenicola (for Sutton, under the name Seimatosporium lichenicola).The nomenclature report below is based on the synonymy of Brockmann (1975), which differs in many respects from that of Sutton (1980).See the nomenclature reports for Seimatosporium hysterioides and Seimatosporium salicinum below for additional names listed by Sutton (1980) and Shoemaker (1964) as synonyms of Sporocadus lichenicola (as Seimatosporium lichenicola).
Nomenclature Report:
Discostroma fuscellum (Berk. & Broome) Huhndorf 1992 (Ascomycetes, Xylariales)
≡ Sphaeria fuscella Berk. & Broome 1852
≡Leptosphaeria fuscella (Berk. & Broome) Ces. & De Not. 1863
≡Leptosphaeria fuscella var. fuscella (Berk. & Broome) Ces. & De Not. 1863
= Metasphaeria cinerea Sacc. 1883 Note: Author corrected from (Fuckel) Sacc.; an illegitimate later homonym cannot serve as the basionym (Art. 58.1). The name Sphaeria saepincola and Metasphaeria saepincola have been misapplied by Fuckel and by Schroeter, respectively, to this fungus (Brockmann 1975).
[≡ Sphaeria cinerea Fuckel 1870 - illegitimate later homonym, not included in search] Note: Not Pers. 1801 = Ostropa barbara. Brockmann (1975) lists Cucurbitaria cinerea Fuckel, possibly an invalid name?
≡ Leptosphaeria cinerea (Sacc.) G. Winter 1885
= Sphaeria corticola Fuckel 1870
≡ Discostroma corticola (Fuckel) I. Brockmann 1976 [1975]
≡ Clethridium corticola (Fuckel) Shoemaker & E. Müll. 1964 Note: as 'Clathridium'
≡ Griphosphaeria corticola (Fuckel) Höhn. 1918
≡ Pleosphaerulina corticola (Fuckel) Rehm 1912
≡ Leptosphaeria corticola (Fuckel) Sacc. 1878 Note: A misapplied name.
≡ Metasphaeria corticola (Fuckel) Sacc. 1883
Variant spelling Clathridium corticola (Fuckel) Shoemaker & E. Müll. 1964 Note: Variant spelling of Clethridium corticola.
= Sphaeria leiostega Ellis 1881 Note: Corrected spelling.
Variant spelling Sphaeria lejostega Ellis 1881 Note: Original spelling.
≡ Metasphaeria leiostega (Ellis) Sacc. 1883
≡ Leptosphaeria leiostega (Ellis) A.G. Eliasson 1896
Variant spelling Metasphaeria lejostega (Ellis) Sacc. 1883 Note: Original spelling of Metasphaeria leiostega.
= Sphaerulina salicina Syd. 1913
Alternate State (Anamorph): Sporocadus lichenicola Corda
Notes: Discostroma fuscellum was originally published as Discostroma fuscella. This species is commonly reported in the literature as Discostroma corticola. Huhndorf (1992) argued that Discostroma corticola was synonymous with Sphaeria fuscella (= Leptosphaeria fuscella; fuscella has priority therefore she made the new combination Discostroma fuscella. According to Huhndorf (1992), Berkeley & Broome made an error in their description which resulted in confusion, but the name is suitable for use (see also Wehmeyer 1957).
Distribution: Europe, North America (USA), Asia (China, India), Africa (Ethiopia, South Africa), Australia, New Zealand.
Substrate: Branches, twigs, leaves..
Host: Woody trees and shrubs of multiple plant families.
Updated on Feb 07, 2006
Sporocadus lichenicola Corda 1839
≡Hendersonia lichenicola (Corda) Lév. 1846 Note: Author and year changed (checked source).
≡Seimatosporium lichenicola (Corda) Shoemaker & E. Müll. 1964
= Coryneum carbonaceum Kabát & Bubák 1916
= Coryneum corni-asperifoliae Gonz. Frag. 1817 Note: Published as corni-asperiifoliae.
= Hendersonia crataegi Brenckle 1918 Note: Listed as a synonym by Sutton (1980) but not by Brockmann (1975).
= Hendersonia decipiens Thüm. 1876
= Coryneum foliicola Fuckel 1870
≡ Coryneopsis foliicola (Fuckel) Grove 1932
= Hendersonia henriquesiana Sacc. & Roum. 1884
= Coryneum maculicola Fuckel 1870
= Coryneum microstictoides Sacc. & Penz. 1882
= Coryneum microstictoides subsp. epilobii P. Karst. 1888
≡ Coryneum epilobii (P. Karst.) Oudem. 1923
= Coryneum microstictum Berk. & Broome 1850
≡ Leptocoryneum microstictum (Berk. & Broome) Petr. 1925
≡ Stilbospora microsticta (Berk. & Broome) Höhn. 1930
≡ Coryneopsis microsticta (Berk. & Broome) Grove 1932
= Sporocadus rosicola Rabenh. 1848
= Hendersonia rubi Westend. 1878
≡ Coryneopsis rubi (Westend.) Grove 1937
= Coryneum ruborum Oudem. 1894
[= Coryneum sorbi Mig. 1934 - illegitimate later homonym, not included in search]
= Coryneum trotterianum C. Massal. 1914
Alternate State (Teleomorph): Discostroma fuscellum (Berk. & Broome) Huhndorf
Notes: Sporocadus lichenicola is the type of the genus Sporocadus. Sutton (1980) followed Shoemaker (1964) who transferred Sporocadus lichenicola to the genus Seimatosporium and treated Sporocadus as a synonym of Seimatosporium, but Nag Raj (1993) followed Brockmann (1975) who maintained Sporocadus as a distinct genus. Here we follow Brockmann (1975).
Distribution: Europe, North America (USA), Asia (China, India), Africa (Ethiopia, South Africa), Australia, New Zealand.
Substrate: Twigs, branches, leaves.
Host: Woody trees and shrubs of multiple plant families.
Supporting Literature:
Barr, M.E. 1994. Notes on the Amphisphaeriaceae and related families. Mycotaxon 51: 191-224.
Brockmann, I. 1975. Untersuchungen ueber die Gattung Discostroma Clements (Ascomycetes). Sydowia 28: 275-338.
Huhndorf, S.M. 1992. Systematics of Leptosphaeria species found on the Rosaceae. Illinois Nat. Hist. Survey, Biol. Notes 34: 480-533.
Nag Raj, T.R. 1993. Coelomycetous anamorphs with appendage-bearing conidia. Mycologue Publications, Waterloo, Ontario, 1101 pages.
Shoemaker, R.A. 1964. Seimatosporium (=Cryptostictis) parasites of Rosa, Vitis, and Cornus. Canad. J. Bot. 42: 411-421.
Shoemaker, R.A., and Mueller, E. 1964. Generic correlations and concepts: Clathridium (=Griphosphaeria) and Seimatosporium (=Sporocadus). Canad. J. Bot. 42: 403-410.
Sutton, B.C. 1980. The Coelomycetes. Fungi Imperfecti with Pycnidia, Acervuli and Stromata. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey, England : 696.
Wehmeyer, L.E. 1957. The genera Saccothecium, Pringsheimia, Pleosphaerulina and Pseudoplea. Mycologia 49: 83-94.
Updated on Feb 08, 2006
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Seimatosporium hysterioides (Fuckel) Brockmann 1975 (Ascomycetes, Xylariales)
≡ Cryptostictis hysterioides Fuckel 1866
≡Dochmolopha hysterioides (Fuckel) Cooke 1878
≡Hendersonia hysterioides (Fuckel) Fuckel 1884
= Amphichaeta europaea Grove 1917
= Pestalotia monochaetoidea var. affinis Sacc. & Briard 1902
≡ Monochaetia monochaetoidea var. affinis (Sacc. & Briard) Allesch. 1902
≡ Monochaetia ellisiana var. affinis (Sacc. & Briard) Sacc. 1931
Variant spelling Pestalozzia monochaetoidea var. affinis Sacc. & Briard
= Pestalotia sarmenti Pass. 1890 [1889]
≡ Monochaetia sarmenti (Pass.) Sacc. 1902
Variant spelling Pestalozzia sarmenti Pass.
= Pestalotia viticola Cavara 1888
≡ Monochaetia viticola (Cavara) Allesch. 1902 Note: Author and year changed, see Nag Raj 1993.
≡ Hyaloceras viticola (Cavara) Died. 1915 Note: Listed by Nag Raj (1993) as Hyalocera.
Variant spelling Pestalozzia viticola Cavara
Notes: Shoemaker (1964 p. 413) and Sutton (1980) considered Seimatosporium hysterioides to be a synonym of Seimatosporium lichenicola (= Sporocadus lichenicola). Sutton (1980) followed Shoemaker (1964 p. 405) in synonymizing Sporocadus with Seimatosporium. Nag Raj (1993) disagreed, instead following Brockmann (1975) who retained the genus Sporocadus (with type Sporocadus lichenicola) and considered Seimatosporium hysterioides to be a distinct species.
Distribution: Australia, Europe.
Substrate: Dead canes (Nag Raj 1993). Also reported on fruits.
Host: Vitis vinifera and Vitis sp. (Vitaceae).
Supporting Literature:
Brockmann, I. 1975. Untersuchungen ueber die Gattung Discostroma Clements (Ascomycetes). Sydowia 28: 275-338.
Huhndorf, S.M. 1992. Systematics of Leptosphaeria species found on the Rosaceae. Illinois Nat. Hist. Survey, Biol. Notes 34: 480-533.
Nag Raj, T.R. 1993. Coelomycetous anamorphs with appendage-bearing conidia. Mycologue Publications, Waterloo, Ontario, 1101 pages.
Shoemaker, R.A. 1964. Seimatosporium (=Cryptostictis) parasites of Rosa, Vitis, and Cornus. Canad. J. Bot. 42: 411-421.
Shoemaker, R.A., and Mueller, E. 1964. Generic correlations and concepts: Clathridium (=Griphosphaeria) and Seimatosporium (=Sporocadus). Canad. J. Bot. 42: 403-410.
Sutton, B.C. 1980. The Coelomycetes. Fungi Imperfecti with Pycnidia, Acervuli and Stromata. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey, England : 696.
Updated on Feb 09, 2006
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Seimatosporium salicinum (Corda) Nag Raj 1993 (Ascomycetes, Xylariales)
≡ Didymosporium salicinum Corda 1837
≡Coryneum salicinum (Corda) Sacc. 1884 Note: Reports from North Dakota are Seimatosporium lichenicola (Corda) Shoemaker & E. Müller (1964).
= Sporocadus caudata Preuss 1851 Note: Listed by Brockmann (1975) as a synonym of Seimatosporium rosae, but transferred by Nag Raj (1993) to synonymy with Seimatosporium salicinum.
≡ Seimatosporium caudatum (Preuss) Shoemaker 1964
≡ Cryptostictis caudata (Preuss) Sacc. 1884
= Monochaetia excipuliformis Bubák 1906 Note: Considered by Sutton (1980) to be a synonym of Seimatosporium lichenicola = Sporocadus lichenicola.
= Hendersonia foliorum Fuckel 1870
≡ Coryneum foliorum (Fuckel) Petr. 1920
≡ Leptocoryneum foliorum (Fuckel) Petr. 1925
= Pestalotia hendersonioides Fautrey 1893 Note: Originally published as Pestalozzia.
Variant spelling Pestalozzia hendersonioides Fautrey 1893
≡ Monochaetia hendersonioides (Fautrey) Sacc. 1902
≡ Cryptostictis hendersonioides (Fautrey) Guba 1961
= Cryptostictis ludibunda Vestergr. 1897
= Cryptostictis moravica Petr. 1923 Note: Considered by Sutton (1980) to be a synonym of Seimatosporium lichenicola = Sporocadus lichenicola.
≡ Basipilus moravicus (Petr.) Subram. 1961
= Hendersonia ribis-alpini Fautrey 1892
≡ Seimatosporium ribis-alpini (Fautrey) Shoemaker & E. Müll. 1964
= Monochaetia rubi Lebezh. 1959
Notes: Synonymy follows Nag Raj (1993), but see Sutton (1980), who follows Shoemaker (1964). According to Nag Raj (1993), Coryneum salicis Tognini 1899 is a possible synonym.
Distribution: Europe (including Russia).
Substrate: Twigs and dead branches.
Host: Ribes (Grossulariaceae), Rubus (Rosaceae), and Salix spp. (Salicaceae) (Nag Raj 1993). Also reported on other plant families.
Supporting Literature:
Brockmann, I. 1975. Untersuchungen ueber die Gattung Discostroma Clements (Ascomycetes). Sydowia 28: 275-338.
Nag Raj, T.R. 1993. Coelomycetous anamorphs with appendage-bearing conidia. Mycologue Publications, Waterloo, Ontario, 1101 pages.
Shoemaker, R.A. 1964. Seimatosporium (=Cryptostictis) parasites of Rosa, Vitis, and Cornus. Canad. J. Bot. 42: 411-421.
Sutton, B.C. 1980. The Coelomycetes. Fungi Imperfecti with Pycnidia, Acervuli and Stromata. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey, England : 696.
Updated on Feb 09, 2006
The synonymy listed above is based on Nag Raj (1993).Sutton (1980) followed Shoemaker (1964), who considered Seimatosporium ribis-alpini and Seimatosporium caudatum to be distinct species, and placed Cryptostictis moravica and Monochaetia excipuliformis as synonyms of Sporocadus lichenicola (as Seimatosporium lichenicola). According to Nag Raj (1993), Coryneum salicis Tognini 1899 is a possible synonym of Seimatosporium salicinum.
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Written by Erica Cline, 14 February 2006
Suggested citation: Cline, E. Discostroma fuscellum. Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. Retrieved November 21, 2009, from http://nt.ars-grin.gov/sbmlweb/OnlineResources/FungiOnline.cfm .
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