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Erysiphe polygoni DC. 1821 (Ascomycetes, Erysiphales)
≡Ischnochaeta polygoni (DC.) Sawada 1959
= Erysiphe communis f. fagopyri Jacz. 1927
= Erysiphe polygoni f. muehlenbeckiae O. Savul. & Tud.-Ban. 1967
Notes: On Chenopodiaceae, now referred to as E. betae (Junell, 1967). On Apiaceae now referred to as E. heraclei (Blumer, 1967). The name Erysiphe communis (Wallr.:Fr.) Schltdl. 1824 nom. rej. has previously been used for this powdery mildew as well as Erysiphe pisi var. pisi and other Erysiphe spp. E. communis was sanctioned by Fries, and would have priority, but the name has been rejected (Taxon 44:226, 1995; Taxon 48: 375, 1999).
Distribution: Cosmopolitan.
Substrate: Living leaves.
Disease Note: Powdery mildew.
Host: Polygonaceae.
Supporting Literature:
Blumer, S. 1967. Echte Mehltaupilze (Erysiphaceae) Ein Bestimmungsbuch fur die in Europa vorkommenden Arten. VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, 436 pages.
Braun, U. 1987. A monograph of the Erysiphales (powdery mildews). Beih. Nova Hedwigia 89: 1-700.
Braun, U. 1995. The Powdery mildews (Erysiphales) of Europe. Gustav Fischer Verlag, 337 pages.
Junell, L. 1967. Erysiphaceae of Sweden. Symb. Bot. Upsal. 19: 1-117.
Parmelee, J.A. 1977. The fungi of Ontario. II. Erysiphaceae (mildews). Canad. J. Bot. 55: 1940-1983.
Saenz, G.S., and Taylor, J.W. 1999. Phylogeny of the Erysiphales (powdery mildews) inferred from internal transcribed spacer ribosomal DNA sequences. Canad. J. Bot. 77: 150-168.
Updated on Mar 15, 2005
Salmon (1900) defined Erysiphe polygoni DC. broadly, to include a wide range of morphological characters, and to occur on a number of host families, including (among others) Apiaceae (=Umbelliferae), Chenopodiaceae, and Polygonaceae. Blumer (1967) restricted E. polygoni to include only taxa occurring on Chenopodiaceae and Polygonaceae, and placed those occurring on Apiaceae in E. heraclei, differentiated primarily on the basis of characteristics of cleistothecial appendages (but see Parmelee 1977). Junell (1967) further limited the concept of E. polygoni to include only hosts in the Polygonaceae, with E. betae for those occurring on Chenopodiaceae (primarily Beta vulgaris). Braun (1987, 1995) followed these conventions in his monographs on the Erysiphales.
Saenz & Taylor (1999) have provided ITS rDNA sequences for several collections of E. polygoni. Several ITS sequences for E. heraclei are available in GenBank (unpublished). Based on a BLAST comparison, the ITS regions are 98% homologous. The two species appear to be closely related, and further analysis (more collections) would be needed to confirm their taxonomic status as separate species.
Geographic Distribution and Plant Hosts
Based on Braun 1995 (following Blumer 1976 and Junell 1976), E. polygoni is confined to plant hosts in the Polygonaceae. In the literature, however, E. polygoni is commonly used in the broad sense (i.e., following Salmon 1900), especially in reports from North America. Our fungus-host database includes more than 1000 observations after 1976 of E. polygoni on hosts other than Polygonaceae. Of these, twelve observations were made after 1976 of E. polygoni on members of the Apiaceae. In most cases, the original reference mentions that the authors are using E. polygoni in the sense of Salmon 1900. In other cases, the authors do not specify. There are no reports of other Erysiphe spp. on Apium spp. in the literature.
Additional Literature
Cook, R.T.A., Inman, A.J., and Billings, C. 1997. Identification and classification of powdery mildew anamorphs using light and scanning electron microscopy and host range data. Mycol. Res. 101(8):975-1002.
Coyier DL, Maloy OC, Zalewski JC, 1975. The ascigerous stage of Erysiphe polygoni on sugar beets in the United States. Proceedings of the American Phytopathological Society, 2:112.
Hirata K. (Amano), 1986.Host range and geographical distribution of the powdery mildew fungi. Japan Sci. Soc. Press, Tokyo, 741 pg.
Junell, L. 1967. A revision of Erysiphe communis [Wallr.] Fr. sensu Blumer. Sv. Bot. Tidskr. 61:209-230.
Kapoor, J.N. 1967. Erysiphe heraclei. C.M.I. Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria 154.
Koike, S.T. 1997. First report of powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe heraclei on celery in North America. Plant Dis. 81:231.
Salmon, E.S. 1900. A Monograph of the Erysiphaceae. Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club IX, New York, 292 pp.
Sivanesan, A. 1976. Erysiphe polygoni. C.M.I. Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria 509.
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Report written by Erica Cline, 3/18/2005.
Suggested citation: Cline, E. Erysiphe polygoni. Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. Retrieved November 21, 2009, from http://nt.ars-grin.gov/sbmlweb/OnlineResources/FungiOnline.cfm .
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