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Urocystis agropyri (Preuss) A.A. Fisch. Waldh. 1867
Preuss (1848) published the name Uredo agropyri for a smut occurring on a host plant labelled with the German common name "Quackengras"; authors have interpreted this as the grass currently named Elytrigia repens (
Agropyron repens Triticum repens). Fischer von Waldheim (1867) transferred this fungus from Uredo to Urocystis, citing as basionym Uredo agropyri Pers., however, there is no record that Persoon ever published this name. Körnicke (1877) speculated that the author attribution was the result of a typographical error. The incorrect author citation does not invalidate the name (Art. 33.4), and it should be cited as Urocystis agropyri (Preuss) A.A. Fisch. Waldh. 1867.
When making the new combination Urocystis agropyri, Fischer von Waldheim (1867) added a description of a smut on the host Carex acuta (Cyperaceae); however, this smut is now considered to be a distinct species, Urocystis fischeri Körn. ex G. Winter 1881. Despite being applied by Fischer von Waldheim to the smut of Carex, the name Urocystis agropyri refers to the flag smut of Poaceae, typified by the type of its basionym, Uredo agropyri (Art. 7.4).
Schröter (1869) published the name Urocystis agropyri (also as (Pers.).), listing Triticum repens (Elytrigia repens) as host. Körnicke (1877) argued that the name Urocystis agropyri (Preuss) A.A. Fisch. Waldh. 1867 should be rejected because the description refers to a different fungus than the basionym cited, and instead the name Urocystis agropyri (Preuss) J. Schröt. 1869 should be the accepted name for the flag smut of Poaceae, but this is counter to the Code (Art. 7.4), unless the type were to be conserved. Urocystis agropyri (Preuss) A.A. Fisch. Waldh. 1867 is frequently cited erroneously as Urocystis agropyri (Preuss) J. Schröt. 1869 in the literature.
Körnicke (1877) suggested that the smut described by Fischer von Waldheim on Carex acuta under the name Urocystis agropyri be named Urocystis fischeri, retaining the name Urocystis agropyri for the flag smut of Poaceae. He failed to provide a description, therefore, it fell to Winter (1881) to provide a description and validate the name, as Urocystis fischeri Körn. ex G. Winter 1881.
Using a morphological species concept, Fischer (1953) rejected species distinctions based on host specificity within the Poaceae and treated an extensive list of Urocystis species, including Urocystis tritici, as synonyms of Urocystis agropyri. This has not been accepted by most later authors (Purdy 1965, Scholz 1988, Vanky 1994, Denchev 2001, but see Mordue & Ainsworth 1984).
Urocystis agropyri (Preuss) A.A. Fisch. Waldh. 1867 (Ustilaginomycetes, Urocystales)
≡ Uredo agropyri Preuss 1848
≡Polycystis agropyri (Preuss) J. Schröt. 1877
≡Tuburcinia agropyri (Preuss) Liro 1922
≡Urocystis occulta var. tritici (Preuss) Ellis 1879
= Tuburcinia agropyri-campestris Massenot 1955
≡ Urocystis agropyri-campestris (Massenot) H. Zogg 1986
= Urocystis preussii J.G. Kühn 1874
Notes: Not (Preuss) J. Schröt. 1869. The basionym was originally attributed to Persoon, apparently due to a typographical error (Körnicke 1877). The original type specimen for Uredo agropyri is described from the host Quackengras (German) = Elytrigia repens (=Agropyron repens or Triticum repens). Fischer von Waldheim was the first to use the combination Urocystis agropyri, applying it to a fungus on Carex acuta, but citing as basionym Uredo agropyri on Elytrigia repens. The name Urocystis agropyri must be typified by the type of the basionym (i.e. the fungus on Elytrigia) despite being applied by Fischer von Waldheim to the fungus on Carex (Art. 7.4). Körnicke assigned the new name Urocystis fischeri to the fungus described by Fischer von Waldheim on Carex acuta, but did not provide a description (nom. nud.). The name was later validated by Winter, as Urocystis fischeri Körn. ex G. Winter 1881. Fischer (1953), using a morphological species concept, rejected species distinctions based on host specificity within the Poaceae and placed Urocystis tritici as a synonym of Urocystis agropyri, but this has not been universally accepted by later authors (e.g. Purdy 1965, Scholz 1988, Vanky 1994, Denchev 2001). Urocystis occulta is a partial synonym (auct. pro parte).
Distribution: Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America (Argentina), Australia.
Substrate: Leaf blades, sometimes glumes and rhizomes.
Disease Note: Flag smut.
Host: Urocystis agropyri sensu stricto is restricted to wheatgrasses; Agropyron spp., Elytrigia spp. Urocystis agropyri in the broader concept of Fischer (1953) includes the flag smuts on other grasses (Poaceae).
Supporting Literature:
Denchev, C.M. 2001. Class Ustomycetes (Orders Tilletiales, Ustilaginales, and Graphiolales). Fungi Bulgaricae 4: 1-286.
Fischer, G.W. 1953. Manual of the North American Smut Fungi. Ronald Press Company, New York, 343 pages.
Mordue, J.E.M., and Ainsworth, G.C. 1984. Ustilaginales of the British Isles. Mycol. Pap. 154: 1-96.
Purdy, L.H. 1965. Flag smut of wheat. Bot. Rev. (Lancaster) 31: 565-606.
Scholz, H., and Scholz, I. 1988. Die Brandpilze Deutschlands (Ustilaginales). Englera 8: 1-691.
Vanky, K. 1994. European Smut Fungi. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 570 pages.
Zogg, H. 1985. Die Brandpilze Mitteleuropas unter Besonderer Berucksichtigung der Schweiz. Cryptog. Helv. 16: 1-277.
Updated on Oct 21, 2005
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Urocystis tritici Körn. 1877 (Ustilaginomycetes, Urocystales)
≡Tuburcinia tritici (Körn.) Liro 1922
Notes: Fischer (1953), using a morphological species concept, rejected species distinctions based on host specificity within the Poaceae and placed Urocystis tritici as a synonym of Urocystis agropyri, but this has not been universally accepted by later authors (e.g. Purdy 1965, Scholz 1988, Vanky 1994, Denchev 2001).
Distribution: Cosmopolitan.
Substrate: Leaves, sometimes glumes and rhizomes.
Disease Note: Flag smut.
Host: Triticum spp. (Poaceae).
Supporting Literature:
Denchev, C.M. 2001. Class Ustomycetes (Orders Tilletiales, Ustilaginales, and Graphiolales). Fungi Bulgaricae 4: 1-286.
Fischer, G.W. 1953. Manual of the North American Smut Fungi. Ronald Press Company, New York, 343 pages.
Mordue, J.E.M., and Ainsworth, G.C. 1984. Ustilaginales of the British Isles. Mycol. Pap. 154: 1-96.
Purdy, L.H. 1965. Flag smut of wheat. Bot. Rev. (Lancaster) 31: 565-606.
Savile, D.B.O. 1953. Notes on Boreal Ustilaginales. Canad. J. Bot. 31: 663-674.
Scholz, H., and Scholz, I. 1988. Die Brandpilze Deutschlands (Ustilaginales). Englera 8: 1-691.
Vanky, K. 1994. European Smut Fungi. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 570 pages.
Zogg, H. 1985. Die Brandpilze Mitteleuropas unter Besonderer Berucksichtigung der Schweiz. Cryptog. Helv. 16: 1-277.
Updated on Oct 21, 2005
*********************************************************************
Urocystis fischeri Körn. ex G. Winter 1881 (Ustilaginomycetes, Urocystales)
≡Tuburcinia fischeri (Körn. ex G. Winter) Liro 1922
Notes: The invalid name Urocystis caricis Ule 1884 (nom. nud., no description) has also been applied to this fungus. Fischer von Waldheim was the first to use the combination Urocystis agropyri, applying it to the flag smut on Carex acuta, but citing as basionym Uredo agropyri, the flag smut on Elytrigia repens. The name Uromyces agropyri must be typified by the type of the basionym (i.e. the smut of Elytrigia) despite being applied by Fischer von Waldheim to the Carex smut (Art. 7.4). Körnicke assigned the new name Urocystis fischeri to the fungus described by Fischer von Waldheim on Carex acuta, but did not provide a description (nom. nud.). Winter later provided a description and validated the name Uromyces fischeri Körn. ex G. Winter 1881.
Distribution: Europe, Asia, North America, Africa (Kenya).
Substrate: Leaves.
Disease Note: Flag smut.
Host: Carex spp. (Cyperaceae).
Supporting Literature:
Lindeberg, B. 1959. Ustilaginales of Sweden. Symb. Bot. Upsal. 16: 1-175.
Scholz, H., and Scholz, I. 1988. Die Brandpilze Deutschlands (Ustilaginales). Englera 8: 1-691.
Zogg, H. 1985. Die Brandpilze Mitteleuropas unter Besonderer Berucksichtigung der Schweiz. Cryptog. Helv. 16: 1-277.
Updated on Oct 21, 2005
***********************************************************************
Written by Erica Cline, December 2005
Suggested citation: Cline, E. Urocystis agropyri. Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. Retrieved November 21, 2009, from http://nt.ars-grin.gov/sbmlweb/OnlineResources/FungiOnline.cfm .
Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory
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