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Valsa species (Anamorph Cytospora) on Rosa
Many Valsa and Cytospora species were described based on occurrence on a single host species or a narrow host range. More recently, the application of a morphological species concept has resulted in many of these species being considered synonyms of a few species with a wide host range. Morphological characters of Valsa species appear to be highly variable, resulting in widespread taxonomic confusion for some species.
Valsa spp. with a wide host range:
Several Valsa species (anamorph Cytospora) have been recorded as occurring on Rosa species. Of these, Valsa ceratosperma, Valsa ambiens subsp. ambiens and Valsa coronata have a wide host range, occurring on woody plants from multiple families including various members of the Rosaceae.
Valsa ceratosperma was reported in the literature on Rosa in Pennsylvania (Spielman 1985) and SBML has a specimen on Rosa from New York (1893, as Valsa ceratophora). Other specimens on Rosa from outside the United States include Valsa ceratophora var. maxima (possibly an invalid herbarium name). On other hosts, Valsa ceratosperma is globally distributed, and has been widely reported in the United States.
Valsa rhodophila Berk. & Broome 1859 is apparently a synonym of Valsa ceratosperma. Valsa rhodophila Berk. & Broome 1859 (not [Valsa rhodophila Nitschke 1870], a later illegitimate homonym, see below) was listed by Winter (1887) as a synonym of Valsa ceratophora = Valsa ceratosperma (see also Urban 1958). This fungus is listed on the Index Fungorum website as a synonym of Valsa ambiens subsp. ambiens, but I could not locate any sources to confirm this synonymy.
Valsa ambiens subsp. ambiens was reported on Rosa in Florida (Alfieri et al. 1984) and Iowa (Gilman et al. 1957). SBML has specimens of Valsa ambiens subsp. ambiens on Rosa from North Dakota (1914, as Valsa ambiens) and Pennsylvania (1827, as Sphaeria expers). Under the name [Valsa ambiens f. rosae Rehm], it was also reported from North Dakota in 1913 (Brenckle 1917); no other record of this name could be located, and it is possibly an invalid herbarium name (nom. nud.). On other hosts, Valsa ambiens subsp. ambiens is globally distributed, and has been widely reported in the United States.
Valsa coronata also has a wide host range, occurring on multiple plant families in addition to the Rosaceae. It has been reported from Europe, Asia (China), and North America (Canada, USA: OR, WV, GA), although the reports from North America are listed as questionable by Farr et al. (1989). It has only been reported on Rosa spp. in China (Tai 1979, Teng 1996, Chen 2002).
Valsa spp., varieties and forms occurring mostly or only on Rosa spp.:
Several other Valsa species are apparently confined to Rosa spp., although most of these have been surrounded by taxonomic and nomenclatural controversy.
The illegitimate homonym [Valsa rhodophila Nitschke 1870 nom. illeg.] (anamorph Cytospora rhodophila) was listed as an accepted species by Urban (1958) (as Valsa rhodophila Berk. & Broome sensu Nitschke), but did not receive attention in other recent taxonomic treatments (e.g., Kobayashi 1970, Gvritishvili 1982, Spielman 1985). The taxonomic status of this species should be evaluated. There is currently no legitimate name for the teleomorph of Cytospora rhodophila. If this is indeed a distinct species, the teleomorph should be given a replacement name. This species is apparently confined to Europe, although confusion surrounding the existence of a homonym may have prevented its occurrence from being accurately documented. SBML has several European specimens from Rosa spp. under the name Valsa rhodophila f. rosae (two identified by Rehm in 1912). No record of publication of this name could be located; it may be an invalid herbarium name.
Considerable taxonomic controversy has surrounded Valsa rosarum (anamorph Cytospora rosarum). Some authors recognize it as a distinct species (e.g., Gvritishvili 1982), while others consider it a synonym of Valsa ceratosperma (e.g., Urban 1958; Kobayashi 1970—Cytospora rosarum only). This fungus has been reported from Europe and Asia (India, Pakistan). It has not been reported from the United States.
A variety of Valsa leucostoma has also been described on Rosa; Valsa leucostoma var. rosarum. This may have also been referred to by the apparently unpublished herbarium name [Valsa leucostoma f. rosarum]. Hayova & Minter (1998) considered Valsa leucostoma to be a synonym of Leucostoma persoonii, but they did not account for var. rosarum (or f. rosarum) in their synonymy. The taxonomic status of var. rosarum requires research evaluation.
Valsa sepincola f. rosaecola was described from a European Rosa collection.The name was published as Valsa sepincola a. Rosaecola. It is listed here as a form, but could also be considered a variety. Saccardo (Syll. Fung. I:134, 1882) included both the Rosa form and the Rubus form in his description under Valsa sepincola. Urban (1958) listed Valsa sepincola as an accepted species, but included only the type specimen of the Rubus form described by Fuckel, Valsa sepincola b. rubicola. (F. rh. ed. I, 2457), therefore Valsa sepincola Fuckel sensu Urban does not include Rosa as a host.
Another European Valsa described on Rosa spp., Valsa rhodi, is now considered to be a synonym of Eutypa lata var. lata (Rappaz 1987). Also described as occurring on Rosa spp., Valsa flavovirens (anamorph Cytospora flavovirens) is now considered to be a synonym of the cosmopolitan fungus Diatrype flavovirens. Finally, a Cytospora on Rosa canina has been reported from Greece under the invalid name [Cytospora pusilla Schulz. & Sacc. nom. inval.] (Pantidou 1973); no description or other information could be located to confirm the identity of this fungus.
Nomenclature Reports by Species:
Valsa ceratosperma
Tode (1790) described Sphaeria ceratosperma based on a specimen from Rosa canina (as Sphaeria ceratospermum α strigosa), referencing the pre-Linnaean name Ceratospermum nigrum minimum discoides Micheli. Fries sanctioned the name Sphaeria ceratosperma (Syst. Mycol. II: 364, 1823), referencing Tode but based on examination of Mougeot's 1818 exsiccati specimen on Quercus. While Fries expanded the species concept to include the fungus on Quercus, the type should properly be that of Tode’s original specimen described from Rosa.
Tulasne (1863) referred Mougeot's specimen to the new species Valsa ceratophora Tul. & C. Tul. 1863, citing Sphaeria ceratosperma sensu Fries as a synonym pro parte (partial synonym), stating, “here we are citing particularly those synonyms which refer to the fungus growing on Oak...Sphaeria ceratospermum Tode, although it is not much different, is said to live on the bark of Rosa canina L.” He thereby explicitly excluded the type of Sphaeria ceratosperma Tode:Fr. (Art. 48.1), and therefore Valsa ceratophora should not be considered a nomenclatural synonym of Valsa ceratosperma (Tode:Fr.) Maire (≡ Sphaeria ceratosperma).
Hubbes (1960) listed Mougeot's specimen as the type of Valsa ceratosperma (Tode:Fr.) Maire, even though it was on Quercus and not Rosa, the host of the fungus originally described by Tode in 1790. As a result, Valsa ceratophora Tul. & C. Tul. (described on Quercus) has been listed variously as a taxonomic synonym (Hubbes 1960) or nomenclatural synonym (Adams et al. 2005) of Valsa ceratosperma (Tode:Fr.) Maire (neotypified on Quercus). Spielman (1985) accepted Mougeot's specimen as the neotype of Valsa ceratosperma but did not list Valsa ceratophora as a synonym.
Urban (1958) listed Torsellia dolosa as the anamorph of Valsa ceratosperma, while Kobayashi listed Cytospora rosarum as the accepted name of the anamorph, with Torsellia dolosa as a synonym. Gvritishvili (1982) disagreed, listing Cytospora sacculus as the anamorph of Valsa ceratosperma, followed by Spielman (1985).
Notes: Urban (1958) listed Torsellia dolosa as the anamorph of Valsa ceratosperma, with Cytospora rosarum, C. capreae, C. fuckelii and C. schweinitzii as synonyms. Gvritishvili (1982) listed Cytospora sacculus as the anamorph and excluded Torsellia dolosa, Cytospora rosarum, C. capreae, C. fuckelii and C. schweinitzii from the synonymy. Hayova (1998) listed Cytospora eucalyptina Speg. 1917 as a taxonomic synonym, but Adams (2005) considered it a distinct species based on morphology and sequence analysis.
It is not clear that any recent taxonomic treatments have examined Valsa ceratosperma from the originally described hosts, Rosa species. Adams et al. (2005) showed that the ITS sequence of Valsa ceratophora (as Cytospora ceratophora?) was included in the clade with several isolates of Valsa ceratosperma, but none of these isolates were from Rosa spp.
Valsa ceratosperma (Tode : Fr.) Maire 1937 (Ascomycetes, Diaporthales)
≡ Sphaeria ceratosperma Tode : Fr. 1791 Note: Originally described on Rosa spp.; sanctioned by Fries (Syst. Mycol. II: 364, 1823), expanding the species concept to include the fungus on Quercus.
Variant spelling Sphaeria ceratospermum Tode : Fr.
≡Diatrype ceratosperma (Tode : Fr.) Fr. 1849
= Valsa agnostica Cooke & Harkn. 1884
= Valsa americana Berk. & M.A. Curtis 1876 Note: Lectotype designated by Spielman 1985.
= Valsa caryigena Berk. & M.A. Curtis 1876
Variant spelling Valsa caryogena Berk. & M.A. Curtis 1876
= Sphaeria ceanothi Schwein. 1832 [1834] Note: Not Sphaeria ceanothi Cooke & Harkness 1884.
≡ Valsa ceanothi (Schwein.) Cooke 1877 Note: Not Valsa ceanothi Rehm 1911.
= Valsa ceanothi Rehm 1911 Note: Not Valsa ceanothi (Schwein.) Cooke 1877.
= Valsa ceratophora Tul. & C. Tul. 1863 Note: Described by Tulasne based on Mougeot's specimen on Quercus (as Valsa ceratosperma Tode).
= Valsa chlorodisca Cooke & Ellis 1879
≡ Engizostoma chlorodiscum (Cooke & Ellis) Kuntze 1898
= Valsa clavigera Dearn. & Barthol. 1917
= Sphaeria conspurcata Schwein. 1832 [1834] Note: Not Sphaeria conspurcata Wallr. 1833 = Massaria conspurcata Sacc.
≡ Valsa conspurcata (Schwein.) Cooke 1877
= Valsa decidua Cooke & Ellis 1877
≡ Engizostoma deciduum (Cooke & Ellis) Kuntze 1898
= Sphaeria decorticans Fr. : Fr. 1817 Note: Not the illegitimate later homonym Sphaeria decorticans Lib. 1837 = Diaporthe padi. Synonymy based on Hayova (1998); see also Adams (2005).
≡ Valsa decorticans (Fr. : Fr.) Fr. 1849
= Valsa delicatula Cooke & Ellis 1877
≡ Engizostoma delicatulum (Cooke & Ellis) Kuntze 1898
= Valsa diospyri Ellis & Everh. 1894
= Valsa etherialis Ellis & Everh. 1894
≡ Engizostoma etheriale (Ellis & Everh.) Kuntze 1898
= Valsa excorians Cooke & Ellis 1879
≡ Engizostoma excorians (Cooke & Ellis) Kuntze 1898
= Valsa exigua Nitschke 1870
= Valsa floriformis Ellis & Everh. 1891 [1890]
≡ Engizostoma floriformis (Ellis & Everh.) Kuntze 1898
= Sphaeria frustum-coni Schwein. 1832 [1834]
≡ Valsa frustrum-coni (Schwein.) M.A. Curtis 1867
≡ Cytospora frustum-coni (Schwein.) Starbäck 1894 Note: Teleomorph in anamorph genus?
= Valsa fuckelii Nitschke 1870 Note: Synonymy based on Hayova (1998).
= Valsa gossypina Cooke 1878
= Valsa hoffmannii Nitschke 1870 Note: Synonymy based on Hayova (1998).
Variant spelling Valsa hoffmanni Nitschke 1870 Note: Original spelling.
= Valsa horrida Nitschke 1870 Note: Synonymy based on Hayova (1998).
= Valsa leiphaemioides Berk. & M.A. Curtis 1876 Note: In Spielman 1985 as leiphaemoides.
= Valsa ligustrina Cooke 1879
= Valsa lutescens Ellis 1882
≡ Eutypella lutescens (Ellis) Sacc. 1883
≡ Engizostoma lutescens (Ellis) Kuntze 1898
= Diatrype maclurae Ellis & Everh. 1892
= Valsa maclurae Cooke & Ellis 1879 Note: Published Sept. 1879 not Valsa maclurae Fabre Oct. 1879.
≡ Eutypella maclurae (Cooke & Ellis) Ellis & Everh. 1892
≡ Engizostoma maclurae (Cooke & Ellis) Kuntze 1898
= Valsa macrocarpa Ellis & Everh. 1897
= Valsa minutella Peck 1884
= Valsa morigena Berk. & M.A. Curtis 1885
= Valsa multiplex Cooke & Ellis 1879
= Valsa nyssae Cooke 1878
= Valsa praestans Berk. & M.A. Curtis 1877
= Sphaeria radicum Schwein. 1832
≡ Valsa radicum (Schwein.) Cooke 1877
= Sphaeria rhizina Schwein. 1832 [1834]
≡ Valsa rhizina (Schwein.) Cooke 1877
= Valsa rhodophila Berk. & Broome 1859 Note: See Winter 1887. Not the illegitimate later homonym Valsa rhodophila Nitschke 1870; Nitschke referred Berkeley & Broome's fungus to a rose form of Valsa ceratophora. Not treated by Spielman (1985).
= Valsa rhoiphila Cooke & Ellis 1878 Note: Published as Valsa rhuiphila.
≡ Engizostoma rhoiphilum (Cooke & Ellis) Kuntze 1898
Variant spelling Valsa rhoophila Cooke & Ellis Note: Saccardo's Syll. fung. I: 127
= Sphaeria rimicola Schwein. 1832 [1834]
≡ Valsa rimicola (Schwein.) Cooke 1877
≡ Calosphaeria rimicola (Schwein.) Ellis & Everh. 1892
[= Valsa rubi Peck 1877 - illegitimate later homonym, not included in search] Note: Not Valsa rubi Fuckel 1870.
= Valsa rugiella Cooke & Ellis 1877
≡ Eutypella rugiella (Cooke & Ellis) Sacc. 1882
≡ Engizostoma rugiellum (Cooke & Ellis) Kuntze 1898
= Valsa schweinitzii Nitschke 1870 Note: Synonymy based on Hayova (1998).
Alternate State (Anamorph): Cytospora sacculus (Schwein. : Fr.) Gvrit.
Notes: Tode (1790) described Sphaeria ceratosperma based on a specimen from Rosa canina (as Sphaeria ceratospermum alpha strigosa), referencing the pre-Linnaean name Ceratospermum nigrum minimum discoides Micheli. Fries sanctioned the name Sphaeria ceratosperma (Syst. Mycol. II: 364, 1823), referencing Tode but based on examination of Mougeot's 1818 exsicati specimen on Quercus. Tulasne (1863) referred Mougeot's specimen to the new species Valsa ceratophora Tul. & C. Tul. 1863, citing Sphaeria ceratosperma sensu Fries as a synonym pro parte (partial synonym), but explicitly excluding the type of Sphaeria ceratosperma Tode by stating: Here we are citing particularly those synonyms which refer to the fungus growing on Oak...Sphaeria ceratospermum Tode, although it is not much different, is said to live on the bark of Rosa canina L. Hubbes (1960) listed Mougeot's specimen as the type of Valsa ceratosperma (Tode:Fr.) Maire, even though it was on Quercus and not Rosa, the host of the fungus originally described by Tode in 1790. As a result, Valsa ceratophora Tul. & C. Tul. (described on Quercus) has been listed variously as a taxonomic synonym (Hubbes 1960) or nomenclatural synonym (Adams et al. 2005) of Valsa ceratosperma (Tode:Fr.) Maire (neotypified on Quercus). Spielman (1985) accepted Mougeot's specimen as the neotype of Valsa ceratosperma but did not list Valsa ceratophora as a synonym. Urban (1958) listed Torsellia dolosa as the anamorph of Valsa ceratosperma, while Kobayashi listed Cytospora rosarum as the accepted name of the anamorph, with Torsellia dolosa as a synonym. Gvritishvili (1982) disagreed, listing Cytospora sacculus as the anamorph of Valsa ceratosperma, followed by Spielman (1985).
Distribution: Cosmopolitan.
Substrate: Bark of dead or dying twigs and branches.
Disease Note: Opportunistic pathogen, canker.
Host: Woody angiosperms from multiple plant families. Pathogen of apple trees.
Updated on Dec 22, 2005
Cytospora sacculus (Schwein. : Fr.) Gvrit. 1969
≡ Sphaeria sacculus Schwein. : Fr. 1822 Note: Sanctioned by Fries, Syst. Mycol. II p. 378, 1823.
≡Rabenhorstia sacculus (Schwein. : Fr.) Starbäck 1893
≡Torsellia sacculus (Schwein. : Fr.) Starbäck 1894 Note: Sphaeria sacculus was listed by Fries in Summa Veg. Scand. 1849 p. 413 as the type of Torsellia, but he did not explicitly make the combination (Art. 33.1).
= Cytospora ailanthi Berk. & M.A. Curtis ex Grove 1923 Note: Berkeley & Curtis did not provide a description (nom. nud.) in 1874. Saccardo listed this name under the heading Species Imperfecte Descriptue without supplemental description. Grove was the first to validly publish a description (Spielman 1985).
= Cytospora amorphae Ellis & Barthol. 1897 Note: Published as Cytispora.
= Cytospora caryogena Ellis & Everh. 1894 Note: Published as Cytispora caryigena.
= Cytospora ceratophora Sacc. 1879 Note: Published as Cytispora.
Variant spelling Cytospora ceratophoma Sacc.
= Cytospora chloroglaea Berk. & M.A. Curtis 1874 Note: Published as Cytispora.
= Cytospora decorticans Sacc. 1884
= Cytospora difformis Schwein. 1832 Note: Published as Cytispora.
= Cytospora gleditschiae Ellis & Barthol. 1897 Note: Published as Cytispora gleditsiae.
= Cytospora grandis Peck 1887
= Cytospora maclurae Ellis & Barthol. 1897 Note: Published as Cytispora.
= Cytospora smilacis Cooke 1878
= Sphaeria sphaerocephala Schwein. : Fr. 1822 Note: This epithet has equal priority with Cytospora sacculus, but Spielman established priority by selecting sacculus as the accepted name.
≡ Cytospora sphaerocephala (Schwein. : Fr.) Sacc. 1884
≡ Lamyella sphaerocephala (Schwein. : Fr.) Starbäck 1894 Note: Sphaeria sphaerocephala was listed by Fries in Summa Veg. Scand. 1849 p. 413 as the type of Lamyella, but he did not explicitly make the combination (Art. 33.1).
= Cytospora tumida Lib. 1832 Note: Synonymy based on Hayova 1998.
= Cytospora tumulosa Ellis & Everh. 1897
Alternate State (Teleomorph): Valsa ceratosperma (Tode : Fr.) Maire
Notes: Urban (1958) listed Torsellia dolosa as the anamorph of Valsa ceratosperma, with Cytospora rosarum, C. capreae, C. fuckelii and C. schweinitzii as synonyms. Gvritishvili (1982) listed Cytospora sacculus as the anamorph and excluded Torsellia dolosa, Cytospora rosarum, C. capreae, C. fuckelii and C. schweinitzii from the synonymy. Hayova (1998) listed Cytospora eucalyptina Speg. 1917 as a taxonomic synonym, but Adams (2005) considered it a distinct species based on morphology and sequence analysis.
Distribution: Cosmopolitan.
Substrate: Bark of dead or dying twigs and branches.
Disease Note: Opportunistic pathogen, canker.
Host: Woody angiosperms from multiple plant families. Pathogen of apple trees.
Supporting Literature:
Adams, G.C., Wingfield, M.J., Common, R., and Roux, J. 2005. Phylogenetic relationships and morphology of Cytospora species and related teleomorphs (Ascomycota, Diaporthales, Valsaceae) from Eucalyptus. Stud. Mycol. 52: 1-144.
Eriksson, O.E. 1992. The non-lichenized pyrenomycetes of Sweden. Btjtryck, Lund, Sweden, 208 pages.
Gaiova, V.P. 1985. [Systematic, morphologic and biology of the fungus genus Valsa Fr. s. l. and its anamorph genus Cytospora Ehr.: Fr. Ukrayins'k. Bot. Zhurn. 42: 86-94.
Grove, W.B. 1935. British Stem- and Leaf-Fungi (Coelomycetes) Vol. 1. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 488 pages.
Hayova, V.P., and Minter, D.W. 1998. Valsa ceratosperma. I.M.I. Descr. Fungi Bact. 1366: 1-5.
Hubbes, M. 1960. Systematische und physiologische Untersuchungen an Valsaceen auf Weiden. Phytopathol. Z. 39: 65-93.
Kobayashi, T. 1970. Taxonomic studies of Japanese Diaporthaceae with special reference to their life-histories. Bull. Gov. Forest Exp. Sta. 226: 1-242.
Spielman, L.J. 1985. A monograph of Valsa on hardwoods in North America. Canad. J. Bot. 63: 1355-1378.
Urban, Z. 1958. Revise ceskoslovenskych zastpcu rodu Valsa, Leucostoma, a Valsella. Rozpr. Ceskoslov. Akad. Ved. 68: 1-101.
Winter, G. 1887. Die Pilze Deutschlands, Oesterreichs und der Schweiz. II. Abtheilung: Ascomyceten: Gymnoasceen und Pyrenomyceten. Rabenh. Krypt.-Fl., ed. 2, 925 pages.
Updated on Jan 05, 2006
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Valsa ambiens subsp. ambiens (Pers. : Fr. ) Fr. 1849 (Ascomycetes, Diaporthales)
≡ Sphaeria ambiens Pers. : Fr. 1801 Note: Sanctioned by Fries, Syst. Mycol. II:403, 1823.
≡Valsa ambiens (Pers. : Fr.) Fr. 1849 Note: See type subspecies.
= Valsa ambiens f. elaeagni Rehm 1918
= Valsa ambiens var. shepherdiae Sacc. 1917
= Valsa amorphae Ellis & Everh. 1897
[= Valsa celtidis Ellis & Everh. 1897 - illegitimate later homonym, not included in search] Note: Not Valsa celtidis Cooke 1876 = Valsaria insitiva.
= Valsa clausa Cooke & Ellis 1879
≡ Engizostoma clausum (Cooke & Ellis) Kuntze 1898
= Valsa conscripta Cooke & Ellis 1878
≡ Engizostoma conscriptum (Cooke & Ellis) Kuntze 1898
= Sphaeria expers Schwein. 1832
≡ Valsa expers (Schwein.) Cooke 1877
≡ Calosphaeria expers (Schwein.) Ellis & Everh. 1892
= Valsa laurina Cooke & Ellis 1878
≡ Engizostoma laurinum (Cooke & Ellis) Kuntze 1898
= Valsa menispermi Ellis & Holw. 1885
= Valsa mesoleuca Berk. & M.A. Curtis 1876
= Valsa myinda Cooke & Ellis 1878 Note: Emend. Reid & Cain 1962 (see Spielman 1985).
≡ Diaporthe myinda (Cooke & Ellis) Sacc. 1882
≡ Cryptodiaporthe myinda (Cooke & Ellis) Wehm. 1933
= Valsa obtecta Cooke & Ellis 1878
≡ Engizostoma obtectum (Cooke & Ellis) Kuntze 1898
= Valsa pauperata Cooke & Ellis 1881
≡ Engizostoma pauperatum (Cooke & Ellis) Kuntze 1898
= Valsa ribicola Ellis & Everh. 1894
≡ Engizostoma ribicola (Ellis & Everh.) Kuntze 1898
= Valsa symphoricarpi Rehm 1911
Alternate State (Anamorph): Cytospora leucosperma (Pers. : Fr.) Fr.
Notes: Collections from Acer saccarum and Acer platanoides are referred to Valsa ambiens subsp. leucostomoides. Spielman (1985) recognized the collections of Cooke & Ellis on Acer rubrum and Acer saccharinum (under the name Valsa pauperata) as a morphologically distinct but geographically limited maple form within Valsa ambiens subsp. ambiens.
Distribution: Cosmopolitan (Spielman 1985).
Substrate: Wood, dying twigs.
Disease Note: Probably a weak parasite (Hayova 1998).
Host: Woody angiosperms from multiple plant families. Collections from Acer saccharum and Acer platanoides are referred to Valsa ambiens subsp. leucostomoides.
Updated on Dec 21, 2005
Cytospora leucosperma (Pers. : Fr.) Fr. 1823
≡ Naemaspora leucosperma Pers. : Fr. 1796
= Cytospora ambiens Sacc. 1879 Note: Published as Cytispora.
= Cytospora boreella Earle 1901
= Cytospora carphosperma Fr. 1823 Note: Published as Cytispora.
= Cytospora celastrina Ellis & Barthol. 1896 Note: Published as Cytispora.
= Cytospora celtidis Ellis & Everh. 1894 Note: Published as Cytispora.
= Cytospora exasperans Ellis & Everh. 1894 Note: Published as Cytispora.
[= Cytospora juglandicola Ellis & Barthol. 1896 - illegitimate later homonym, not included in search] Note: Published as Cytispora. Not Cytospora juglandicola Sacc. 1881. Published as Cytispora.
= Cytospora nyssae Fairm. 1922
= Cytospora phomopsis Sacc. 1915
= Cytospora sambucicola Tehon & G.L. Stout 1929
= Cytospora sambucina Ellis & Barthol. 1897 Note: Published as Cytispora. Not Cytospora sambucina Tehon & E.Y. Daniels 1927.
[= Cytospora sambucina Tehon & E.Y. Daniels 1927 - illegitimate later homonym, not included in search] Note: Not Cytospora sambucina Ellis & Barthol. 1897.
= Cytospora sassafras Ellis & Everh. 1896 Note: Published as Cytispora.
= Cytospora simplex Höhn. 1927
Alternate State (Teleomorph): Valsa ambiens subsp. ambiens (Pers. : Fr. ) Fr.
Notes: This name was originally published as Cytispora. Fries sanctioned both Cytospora leucosperma and Cytospora carphosperma, but the epithet leucosperma has priority, dating from Naemospora leucosperma Pers. 1796. Spielman (1985) has designated a lectotype. Collections from Acer saccarum and Acer platanoides are referred to Valsa ambiens subsp. leucostomoides. Spielman (1985) recognized the collections of Cooke & Ellis on Acer rubrum and Acer saccharinum (under the name Valsa pauperata) as a morphologically distinct but geographically limited maple form within Valsa ambiens subsp. ambiens.
Distribution: Cosmopolitan (Spielman 1985).
Substrate: Wood, dying twigs.
Disease Note: Probably a weak parasite (Hayova 1998).
Host: Woody angiosperms from multiple plant families.
Supporting Literature:
Hayova, V.P., and Minter, D.W. 1998. Valsa ambiens subsp. ambiens. I.M.I. Descr. Fungi Bact. 1364: 1-4.
Spielman, L.J. 1985. A monograph of Valsa on hardwoods in North America. Canad. J. Bot. 63: 1355-1378.
Updated on Dec 22, 2005
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Valsa ambiens subsp. leucostomoides (Peck) Spielman 1985 (Ascomycetes, Diaporthales)
≡ Valsa leucostomoides Peck 1885
= Valsa acericola G.H. Otth 1870
= Valsa grisea Peck 1884
= Valsa platanoidis G.H. Otth 1870 Note: Listed by Spielman (1985) as a possible synonym. Not (Pers.) Berk nor (Pers.) Cooke (publication year unknown).
= Sphaeria pseudoplatani Fr. 1823 Note: Listed by Spielman (1985) as a possible synonym.
≡ Valsa pseudoplatani (Fr.) Nitschke 1870
= Valsa rhodospora Sacc. 1906
= Valsa saccharina Rehm 1912
Alternate State (Anamorph): Cytospora annulata Ellis & Everh.
Notes: Valsa pseudoplatani and Valsa platanoidis were listed by Spielman (1985) as possible taxonomic synonyms. No type or authentic material could be located to confirm the synonymy (Spielman 1985).
Distribution: Temperate North America; Europe.
Substrate: Bark of twigs and branches.
Disease Note: Probably a weak parasite (Hayova & Minter 1998).
Host: Acer spp. (Aceraceae), Fraxinus spp. (Oleaceae).
Updated on Dec 22, 2005
Cytospora annulata Ellis & Everh. 1893
= Cytospora negundinis Ellis & Everh. 1894
Alternate State (Teleomorph): Valsa ambiens subsp. leucostomoides (Peck) Spielman
Notes: Published as Cytispora.
Distribution: Europe, North America (Canada, USA).
Substrate: Bark of twigs and branches.
Disease Note: Probably a weak parasite (Hayova & Minter 1998).
Host: Acer spp. (Aceraceae), Fraxinus spp. (Oleaceae).
Supporting Literature:
Hayova, V.P., and Minter, D.W. 1998. Valsa ambiens subsp. leucostomoides. I.M.I. Descr. Fungi Bact. 1365: 1-3.
Spielman, L.J. 1985. A monograph of Valsa on hardwoods in North America. Canad. J. Bot. 63: 1355-1378.
Updated on Dec 22, 2005
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Valsa coronata (Hoffm. : Fr.) Fr. 1849 (Ascomycetes, Diaporthales)
≡ Sphaeria coronata Hoffm. : Fr. 1787
Distribution: North America (Canada, USA: OR, WV, GA), Europe, Asia (China). According to Farr et al. (1989) reports from North America are questionable.
Substrate: Twigs and dead limbs.
Host: Hardwood trees from multiple plant families.
Supporting Literature:
Urban, Z. 1958. Revise ceskoslovenskych zastpcu rodu Valsa, Leucostoma, a Valsella. Rozpr. Ceskoslov. Akad. Ved. 68: 1-101.
Updated on Jan 10, 2006
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Valsa ceratosperma (Tode : Fr.) Maire 1937 (Ascomycetes, Diaporthales)
≡ Sphaeria ceratosperma Tode : Fr. 1791 Note: Originally described on Rosa spp.; sanctioned by Fries (Syst. Mycol. II: 364, 1823), expanding the species concept to include the fungus on Quercus.
Variant spelling Sphaeria ceratospermum Tode : Fr.
≡Diatrype ceratosperma (Tode : Fr.) Fr. 1849
= Valsa agnostica Cooke & Harkn. 1884
= Valsa americana Berk. & M.A. Curtis 1876 Note: Lectotype designated by Spielman 1985.
= Valsa caryigena Berk. & M.A. Curtis 1876
Variant spelling Valsa caryogena Berk. & M.A. Curtis 1876
= Sphaeria ceanothi Schwein. 1832 [1834] Note: Not Sphaeria ceanothi Cooke & Harkness 1884.
≡ Valsa ceanothi (Schwein.) Cooke 1877 Note: Not Valsa ceanothi Rehm 1911.
= Valsa ceanothi Rehm 1911 Note: Not Valsa ceanothi (Schwein.) Cooke 1877.
= Valsa ceratophora Tul. & C. Tul. 1863 Note: Described by Tulasne based on Mougeot's specimen on Quercus (as Valsa ceratosperma Tode).
= Valsa chlorodisca Cooke & Ellis 1879
≡ Engizostoma chlorodiscum (Cooke & Ellis) Kuntze 1898
= Valsa clavigera Dearn. & Barthol. 1917
= Sphaeria conspurcata Schwein. 1832 [1834] Note: Not Sphaeria conspurcata Wallr. 1833 = Massaria conspurcata Sacc.
≡ Valsa conspurcata (Schwein.) Cooke 1877
= Valsa decidua Cooke & Ellis 1877
≡ Engizostoma deciduum (Cooke & Ellis) Kuntze 1898
= Sphaeria decorticans Fr. : Fr. 1817 Note: Not the illegitimate later homonym Sphaeria decorticans Lib. 1837 = Diaporthe padi. Synonymy based on Hayova (1998); see also Adams (2005).
≡ Valsa decorticans (Fr. : Fr.) Fr. 1849
= Valsa delicatula Cooke & Ellis 1877
≡ Engizostoma delicatulum (Cooke & Ellis) Kuntze 1898
= Valsa diospyri Ellis & Everh. 1894
= Valsa etherialis Ellis & Everh. 1894
≡ Engizostoma etheriale (Ellis & Everh.) Kuntze 1898
= Valsa excorians Cooke & Ellis 1879
≡ Engizostoma excorians (Cooke & Ellis) Kuntze 1898
= Valsa exigua Nitschke 1870
= Valsa floriformis Ellis & Everh. 1891 [1890]
≡ Engizostoma floriformis (Ellis & Everh.) Kuntze 1898
= Sphaeria frustum-coni Schwein. 1832 [1834]
≡ Valsa frustrum-coni (Schwein.) M.A. Curtis 1867
≡ Cytospora frustum-coni (Schwein.) Starbäck 1894 Note: Teleomorph in anamorph genus?
= Valsa fuckelii Nitschke 1870 Note: Synonymy based on Hayova (1998).
= Valsa gossypina Cooke 1878
= Valsa hoffmannii Nitschke 1870 Note: Synonymy based on Hayova (1998).
Variant spelling Valsa hoffmanni Nitschke 1870 Note: Original spelling.
= Valsa horrida Nitschke 1870 Note: Synonymy based on Hayova (1998).
= Valsa leiphaemioides Berk. & M.A. Curtis 1876 Note: In Spielman 1985 as leiphaemoides.
= Valsa ligustrina Cooke 1879
= Valsa lutescens Ellis 1882
≡ Eutypella lutescens (Ellis) Sacc. 1883
≡ Engizostoma lutescens (Ellis) Kuntze 1898
= Diatrype maclurae Ellis & Everh. 1892
= Valsa maclurae Cooke & Ellis 1879 Note: Published Sept. 1879 not Valsa maclurae Fabre Oct. 1879.
≡ Eutypella maclurae (Cooke & Ellis) Ellis & Everh. 1892
≡ Engizostoma maclurae (Cooke & Ellis) Kuntze 1898
= Valsa macrocarpa Ellis & Everh. 1897
= Valsa minutella Peck 1884
= Valsa morigena Berk. & M.A. Curtis 1885
= Valsa multiplex Cooke & Ellis 1879
= Valsa nyssae Cooke 1878
= Valsa praestans Berk. & M.A. Curtis 1877
= Sphaeria radicum Schwein. 1832
≡ Valsa radicum (Schwein.) Cooke 1877
= Sphaeria rhizina Schwein. 1832 [1834]
≡ Valsa rhizina (Schwein.) Cooke 1877
= Valsa rhodophila Berk. & Broome 1859 Note: See Winter 1887. Not the illegitimate later homonym Valsa rhodophila Nitschke 1870; Nitschke referred Berkeley & Broome's fungus to a rose form of Valsa ceratophora. Not treated by Spielman (1985).
= Valsa rhoiphila Cooke & Ellis 1878 Note: Published as Valsa rhuiphila.
≡ Engizostoma rhoiphilum (Cooke & Ellis) Kuntze 1898
Variant spelling Valsa rhoophila Cooke & Ellis Note: Saccardo's Syll. fung. I: 127
= Sphaeria rimicola Schwein. 1832 [1834]
≡ Valsa rimicola (Schwein.) Cooke 1877
≡ Calosphaeria rimicola (Schwein.) Ellis & Everh. 1892
[= Valsa rubi Peck 1877 - illegitimate later homonym, not included in search] Note: Not Valsa rubi Fuckel 1870.
= Valsa rugiella Cooke & Ellis 1877
≡ Eutypella rugiella (Cooke & Ellis) Sacc. 1882
≡ Engizostoma rugiellum (Cooke & Ellis) Kuntze 1898
= Valsa schweinitzii Nitschke 1870 Note: Synonymy based on Hayova (1998).
Alternate State (Anamorph): Cytospora sacculus (Schwein. : Fr.) Gvrit.
Notes: Tode (1790) described Sphaeria ceratosperma based on a specimen from Rosa canina (as Sphaeria ceratospermum alpha strigosa), referencing the pre-Linnaean name Ceratospermum nigrum minimum discoides Micheli. Fries sanctioned the name Sphaeria ceratosperma (Syst. Mycol. II: 364, 1823), referencing Tode but based on examination of Mougeot's 1818 exsicati specimen on Quercus. Tulasne (1863) referred Mougeot's specimen to the new species Valsa ceratophora Tul. & C. Tul. 1863, citing Sphaeria ceratosperma sensu Fries as a synonym pro parte (partial synonym), but explicitly excluding the type of Sphaeria ceratosperma Tode by stating: Here we are citing particularly those synonyms which refer to the fungus growing on Oak...Sphaeria ceratospermum Tode, although it is not much different, is said to live on the bark of Rosa canina L. Hubbes (1960) listed Mougeot's specimen as the type of Valsa ceratosperma (Tode:Fr.) Maire, even though it was on Quercus and not Rosa, the host of the fungus originally described by Tode in 1790. As a result, Valsa ceratophora Tul. & C. Tul. (described on Quercus) has been listed variously as a taxonomic synonym (Hubbes 1960) or nomenclatural synonym (Adams et al. 2005) of Valsa ceratosperma (Tode:Fr.) Maire (neotypified on Quercus). Spielman (1985) accepted Mougeot's specimen as the neotype of Valsa ceratosperma but did not list Valsa ceratophora as a synonym. Urban (1958) listed Torsellia dolosa as the anamorph of Valsa ceratosperma, while Kobayashi listed Cytospora rosarum as the accepted name of the anamorph, with Torsellia dolosa as a synonym. Gvritishvili (1982) disagreed, listing Cytospora sacculus as the anamorph of Valsa ceratosperma, followed by Spielman (1985).
Distribution: Cosmopolitan.
Substrate: Bark of dead or dying twigs and branches.
Disease Note: Opportunistic pathogen, canker.
Host: Woody angiosperms from multiple plant families. Pathogen of apple trees.
Updated on Dec 22, 2005
Cytospora sacculus (Schwein. : Fr.) Gvrit. 1969
≡ Sphaeria sacculus Schwein. : Fr. 1822 Note: Sanctioned by Fries, Syst. Mycol. II p. 378, 1823.
≡Rabenhorstia sacculus (Schwein. : Fr.) Starbäck 1893
≡Torsellia sacculus (Schwein. : Fr.) Starbäck 1894 Note: Sphaeria sacculus was listed by Fries in Summa Veg. Scand. 1849 p. 413 as the type of Torsellia, but he did not explicitly make the combination (Art. 33.1).
= Cytospora ailanthi Berk. & M.A. Curtis ex Grove 1923 Note: Berkeley & Curtis did not provide a description (nom. nud.) in 1874. Saccardo listed this name under the heading Species Imperfecte Descriptue without supplemental description. Grove was the first to validly publish a description (Spielman 1985).
= Cytospora amorphae Ellis & Barthol. 1897 Note: Published as Cytispora.
= Cytospora caryogena Ellis & Everh. 1894 Note: Published as Cytispora caryigena.
= Cytospora ceratophora Sacc. 1879 Note: Published as Cytispora.
Variant spelling Cytospora ceratophoma Sacc.
= Cytospora chloroglaea Berk. & M.A. Curtis 1874 Note: Published as Cytispora.
= Cytospora decorticans Sacc. 1884
= Cytospora difformis Schwein. 1832 Note: Published as Cytispora.
= Cytospora gleditschiae Ellis & Barthol. 1897 Note: Published as Cytispora gleditsiae.
= Cytospora grandis Peck 1887
= Cytospora maclurae Ellis & Barthol. 1897 Note: Published as Cytispora.
= Cytospora smilacis Cooke 1878
= Sphaeria sphaerocephala Schwein. : Fr. 1822 Note: This epithet has equal priority with Cytospora sacculus, but Spielman established priority by selecting sacculus as the accepted name.
≡ Cytospora sphaerocephala (Schwein. : Fr.) Sacc. 1884
≡ Lamyella sphaerocephala (Schwein. : Fr.) Starbäck 1894 Note: Sphaeria sphaerocephala was listed by Fries in Summa Veg. Scand. 1849 p. 413 as the type of Lamyella, but he did not explicitly make the combination (Art. 33.1).
= Cytospora tumida Lib. 1832 Note: Synonymy based on Hayova 1998.
= Cytospora tumulosa Ellis & Everh. 1897
Alternate State (Teleomorph): Valsa ceratosperma (Tode : Fr.) Maire
Notes: Urban (1958) listed Torsellia dolosa as the anamorph of Valsa ceratosperma, with Cytospora rosarum, C. capreae, C. fuckelii and C. schweinitzii as synonyms. Gvritishvili (1982) listed Cytospora sacculus as the anamorph and excluded Torsellia dolosa, Cytospora rosarum, C. capreae, C. fuckelii and C. schweinitzii from the synonymy. Hayova (1998) listed Cytospora eucalyptina Speg. 1917 as a taxonomic synonym, but Adams (2005) considered it a distinct species based on morphology and sequence analysis.
Distribution: Cosmopolitan.
Substrate: Bark of dead or dying twigs and branches.
Disease Note: Opportunistic pathogen, canker.
Host: Woody angiosperms from multiple plant families. Pathogen of apple trees.
Supporting Literature:
Adams, G.C., Wingfield, M.J., Common, R., and Roux, J. 2005. Phylogenetic relationships and morphology of Cytospora species and related teleomorphs (Ascomycota, Diaporthales, Valsaceae) from Eucalyptus. Stud. Mycol. 52: 1-144.
Eriksson, O.E. 1992. The non-lichenized pyrenomycetes of Sweden. Btjtryck, Lund, Sweden, 208 pages.
Gaiova, V.P. 1985. [Systematic, morphologic and biology of the fungus genus Valsa Fr. s. l. and its anamorph genus Cytospora Ehr.: Fr. Ukrayins'k. Bot. Zhurn. 42: 86-94.
Grove, W.B. 1935. British Stem- and Leaf-Fungi (Coelomycetes) Vol. 1. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 488 pages.
Hayova, V.P., and Minter, D.W. 1998. Valsa ceratosperma. I.M.I. Descr. Fungi Bact. 1366: 1-5.
Hubbes, M. 1960. Systematische und physiologische Untersuchungen an Valsaceen auf Weiden. Phytopathol. Z. 39: 65-93.
Kobayashi, T. 1970. Taxonomic studies of Japanese Diaporthaceae with special reference to their life-histories. Bull. Gov. Forest Exp. Sta. 226: 1-242.
Spielman, L.J. 1985. A monograph of Valsa on hardwoods in North America. Canad. J. Bot. 63: 1355-1378.
Urban, Z. 1958. Revise ceskoslovenskych zastpcu rodu Valsa, Leucostoma, a Valsella. Rozpr. Ceskoslov. Akad. Ved. 68: 1-101.
Winter, G. 1887. Die Pilze Deutschlands, Oesterreichs und der Schweiz. II. Abtheilung: Ascomyceten: Gymnoasceen und Pyrenomyceten. Rabenh. Krypt.-Fl., ed. 2, 925 pages.
Updated on Jan 05, 2006
Valsa rhodophila Nitschke 1870 (Ascomycetes, Diaporthales)
Alternate State (Anamorph): Cytospora rhodophila Sacc.
Notes: Valsa rhodophila Nitschke is an illegitimate later homonym of Valsa rhodophila Berk. & Broome 1859 = Valsa ceratosperma. Nitschke described this fungus under the name Valsa rhodophila Berk. & Broome, but excluded the type by assigning Berkeley & Broome's type specimen to Valsa ceratophora (= Valsa ceratosperma). He thereby created an illegitimate later homonym (Art. 48.1). The name is also sometimes erroneously cited as Valsa rhodophila Berk. & Broome sensu Nitschke. The taxonomic status of this species should be evaluated. If it is confirmed that Valsa rhodophila Nitschke is a distinct species and not a synonym of Valsa ceratosperma, a replacement name will be needed for Valsa rhodophila Nitschke; no legitimate name has been published for the teleomorph of Cytospora rhodophila Sacc.
Distribution: Europe.
Substrate: Dead twigs.
Disease Note: Made cultivation of certain roses exceedingly difficult (reported as Valsa rhodophila Berk. & Broome).
Host: Rosa spp. (Rosaceae).
Updated on Dec 22, 2005
Cytospora rhodophila Sacc. 1884
Alternate State (Teleomorph): Valsa rhodophila Nitschke
Notes: Saccardo described Cytospora rhodophila as the anamorph of Valsa rhodophila Nitschke, apparently intentionally not citing Berk. & Broome 1859.
Distribution: Europe.
Substrate: Dead twigs.
Disease Note: Made cultivation of certain roses difficult (Grove 1935).
Host: Rosa spp. (Rosaceae).
Supporting Literature:
Eriksson, O.E. 1992. The non-lichenized pyrenomycetes of Sweden. Btjtryck, Lund, Sweden, 208 pages.
Gaiova, V.P. 1985. [Systematic, morphologic and biology of the fungus genus Valsa Fr. s. l. and its anamorph genus Cytospora Ehr.: Fr. Ukrayins'k. Bot. Zhurn. 42: 86-94.
Grove, W.B. 1935. British Stem- and Leaf-Fungi (Coelomycetes) Vol. 1. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 488 pages.
Winter, G. 1887. Die Pilze Deutschlands, Oesterreichs und der Schweiz. II. Abtheilung: Ascomyceten: Gymnoasceen und Pyrenomyceten. Rabenh. Krypt.-Fl., ed. 2, 925 pages.
Updated on Dec 21, 2005
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Valsa rosarum De Not. 1863 (Ascomycetes, Diaporthales)
≡Valsa ceratophora f. rosarum (De Not.) Fuckel 1870 [1869]
≡Valsa ceratophora var. rosarum (De Not.) Sacc. 1882
Alternate State (Anamorph): Cytospora rosarum Grev.
Notes: This species was assigned by Saccardo as a variety of Valsa ceratophora = Valsa ceratosperma. Urban (1958) considered Valsa rosarum to be a synonym of Valsa ceratosperma, listing Cytospora rosarum as a synonym of Torsellia dolosa, which he considered to be the anamorph of Valsa ceratosperma. He failed to recognize that rosarum was the older epithet. Kobayashi (1970) corrected this by listing Cytospora rosarum as the anamorph of Valsa ceratosperma. Gvritishvili (1982) rejected the anamorphic connection of Cytospora rosarum to Valsa ceratosperma, instead listing Cytospora sacculus as the anamorph of Valsa ceratosperma. Recent authors have accepted Gvritishvili’s interpretation (Spielman 1985, Hayova & Minter 1998).
Distribution: Europe, Asia (India).
Host: Rosa spp. (Rosaceae).
Updated on Jan 09, 2006
Cytospora rosarum Grev. 1858
Alternate State (Teleomorph): Valsa rosarum De Not.
Notes: Urban (1958) considered Valsa rosarum to be a synonym of Valsa ceratosperma, listing Cytospora rosarum as a synonym of Torsellia dolosa, which he considered to be the anamorph of Valsa ceratosperma. He failed to recognize that rosarum was the older epithet. Kobayashi (1970) corrected this by listing Cytospora rosarum as the anamorph of Valsa ceratosperma. Gvritishvili (1982) rejected the anamorphic connection of Cytospora rosarum to Valsa ceratosperma, instead listing Cytospora sacculus as the anamorph of Valsa ceratosperma. Recent authors have accepted Gvritishvili’s interpretation (Spielman 1985, Hayova & Minter 1998).
Distribution: Europe, Asia (India, Pakistan).
Host: Rosa spp. (Rosaceae).
Supporting Literature:
Gvritishvili, M.N. 1982. Fungi of the genus Cytospora in the USSR. Izdatelstve Sabchota Sakarstvelo, Tbilici, 214 pages.
Hayova, V.P., and Minter, D.W. 1998. Valsa ceratosperma. I.M.I. Descr. Fungi Bact. 1366: 1-5.
Kobayashi, T. 1970. Taxonomic studies of Japanese Diaporthaceae with special reference to their life-histories. Bull. Gov. Forest Exp. Sta. 226: 1-242.
Spielman, L.J. 1985. A monograph of Valsa on hardwoods in North America. Canad. J. Bot. 63: 1355-1378.
Urban, Z. 1958. Revise ceskoslovenskych zastpcu rodu Valsa, Leucostoma, a Valsella. Rozpr. Ceskoslov. Akad. Ved. 68: 1-101.
Updated on Jan 09, 2006
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Valsa leucostoma var. rosarum Sacc. 1913 (Ascomycetes, Diaporthales)
Notes: Valsa leucostoma was considered to be a synonym of Leucostoma persoonii (Nitschke) Höhn. by Hayova & Minter (1998), but they did not include Valsa leucostoma var. rosarum Sacc. in the synonymy.
Distribution: Europe.
Substrate: Bark of dead twigs.
Host: Rosa canina (Rosaceae, type).
Supporting Literature:
Hayova, V.P., and Minter, D.W. 1998. Leucostoma persoonii. I.M.I. Descr. Fungi Bact. 1363: 1-3.
Updated on Jan 11, 2006
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Leucostoma persoonii (Nitschke) Höhn. 1928 (Ascomycetes, Diaporthales)
≡ Valsa persoonii Nitschke 1870
= Sphaeria leucostoma Pers. : Fr. 1794
≡ Valsa leucostoma (Pers. : Fr.) Fr. 1849
Alternate State (Anamorph): Cytospora leucostoma Sacc.
Notes: The epithet leucostoma was sanctioned by Fries and would have priority over persoonii, but the tautonym Leucostoma leucostoma is prohibited by the Code (Art. 23.4)
Distribution: Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, South America (Brazil), Australia, New Zealand.
Substrate: Dead or dying, attached or fallen twigs.
Disease Note: Wound pathogen, causing mass wilting of branches and dieback of young trees, canker.
Host: Principal hosts: Rosaceae; also Alnus (Betulaceae).
Updated on Jan 11, 2006
Cytospora leucostoma Sacc. 1881
Alternate State (Teleomorph): Leucostoma persoonii (Nitschke) Höhn.
Distribution: Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, South America (Brazil), Australia, New Zealand.
Substrate: Dead or dying, attached or fallen twigs.
Disease Note: Wound pathogen, causing mass wilting of branches and dieback of young trees, canker.
Host: Principal hosts: Rosaceae; also Alnus (Betulaceae).
Supporting Literature:
Hayova, V.P., and Minter, D.W. 1998. Leucostoma persoonii. I.M.I. Descr. Fungi Bact. 1363: 1-3.
Surve-Iyer, R.S., Adams, G.C., Iezzoni, A.F., and Jones, A.L. 1995. Isozyme detection and variation in Leucostoma species from Prunus and Malus. Mycologia 87: 471-482.
Updated on Jan 11, 2006
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Valsa sepincola f. rosaecola Fuckel 1871 (Ascomycetes, Diaporthales)
Notes: This name was published as Valsa sepincola a. Rosaecola. It is listed here as a form, but could also be considered a variety. Saccardo (Syll. Fung. I:134, 1882) included both the Rosa form and the Rubus form in his description under Valsa sepincola. Urban (1958) listed Valsa sepincola as an accepted species, but included only the type specimen of the Rubus form described by Fuckel, Valsa sepincola b. rubicola. (F. rh. ed. I, 2457).
Distribution: Europe.
Substrate: Bark of attached dead branches.
Host: Rosa rubiginosa (Rosaceae).
Supporting Literature:
Urban, Z. 1958. Revise ceskoslovenskych zastpcu rodu Valsa, Leucostoma, a Valsella. Rozpr. Ceskoslov. Akad. Ved. 68: 1-101.
Updated on Jan 11, 2006
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Eutypa lata var. lata (Pers. : Fr.) Tul. & C. Tul. 1863 (Ascomycetes, Xylariales)
≡ Sphaeria lata Pers. : Fr. 1796 Note: Sanctioned by Fries, Syst. Mycol. II:369, 1823.
≡Diatrype lata (Pers. : Fr.) Fr. 1849
≡Eutypa lata (Pers. : Fr.) Tul. & C. Tul. 1863 Note: See type variety.
≡Stromatosphaeria lata (Pers. : Fr.) Grev. 1824
≡Valsa lata (Pers. : Fr.) Nitschke 1867
= Eutypa ambigua J. Kunze ex Sacc. 1882
= Eutypa armeniacae Hansf. & M.V. Carter 1957 Note: Determinations of this fungus as a pathogen of grapes in the Pacific Northwest have often been based on isolations of the anamorph state. Rappaz (Mycol. Helv. 2:356. 1987) considered this species to be conspecific with E. lata (Pers.:Fr.) Tul . & C. Tu Talbot (C.M.I. Descr. 436. 1974). Libertella anamorph.
[= Sphaeria capitata Pers. 1801 - illegitimate later homonym, not included in search] Note: Not Sphaeria capitata Holmsk. 1790 = Cordyceps capitata.
= Cryptosphaeria crepiniana Sacc. & Roum. 1883
= Valsa fraxini Nitschke 1867
≡ Eutypa fraxini (Nitschke) Sacc. 1882
[= Sphaeria fuliginosa Sowerby 1803 - illegitimate later homonym, not included in search] Note: Not Sphaeria fuliginosa Pers.:Fr. 1800 = Godronia fuliginosa.
= Eutypa lata var. ribis Barthelet 1938
= Eutypa lata var. rimulosa Sacc. 1914
= Diatrype macrothecia Speg. 1880
= Valsa mauroides Nitschke 1867
≡ Eutypa mauroides (Nitschke) Sacc. 1882
= Sphaeria milliaria Fr. : Fr. 1817 Note: Sanctioned by Fries, Syst. Mycol. II:370, 1823.
≡ Eutypa milliaria (Fr. : Fr.) Sacc. 1875
≡ Valsa milliaria (Fr. : Fr.) Nitschke 1867
≡ Diatrype milliaria (Fr. : Fr.) Fr. 1849
= Valsa myriocarpa Nitschke 1867
≡ Cryptosphaeria myriocarpa (Nitschke) Sacc. 1882
= Sphaeria papillata Hoffm. 1787 Note: This name appears in Fr. Syst. Mycol. II:461 but is listed as a synonym of Sphaeria lata by Fries on p. 369. Otherwise, the epithet would have priority.
= Valsa rhodi Nitschke 1867
≡ Eutypa rhodi (Nitschke) Fuckel 1870
Distribution: Cosmopolitan.
Disease Note: Canker.
Host: Multiple plant families.
Supporting Literature:
Carter, M.V. 1991. The status of Eutypa lata as a pathogen. Phytopathol. Pap. 32: 1-59.
Rappaz, F. 1987. [Taxonomy and nomenclature of the octosporous Diatrypaceae]. Mycol. Helv. 2: 285-648.
Updated on Jan 12, 2006
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Diatrype flavovirens (Pers. : Fr.) Fr. 1849 (Ascomycetes, Xylariales)
≡Eutypa flavovirens (Pers. : Fr.) Tul. & C. Tul. 1867
Variant spelling Eutypa flavo-virens (Pers. : Fr.) Tul. & C. Tul. 1867
≡Valsa flavovirens (Pers. : Fr.) Nitschke
Alternate State (Anamorph): Cytosporina flavovirens (Sacc.) Grove
Distribution: Cosmopolitan.
Host: Hardwoods from multiple families.
Updated on Jan 11, 2006
Cytosporina flavovirens (Sacc.) Grove 1923
≡ Cytospora flavovirens Sacc. 1884
Variant spelling Cytospora flavo-virens Sacc. 1884 Note: Original spelling.
Alternate State (Teleomorph): Diatrype flavovirens (Pers. : Fr.) Fr.
Distribution: Cosmopolitan.
Substrate: Bark and wood.
Host: Hardwoods from multiple families.
Supporting Literature:
Glawe, D.A., and Rogers, J.D. 1984. Diatrypaceae in the Pacific Northwest. Mycotaxon 20: 401-460.
Updated on Jan 11, 2006
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Additional Literature
Alfieri Jr., S.A., Langdon, K.R., Wehlburg, C., and Kimbrough, J.W. 1984. Index of Plant Diseases in Florida (Revised). Florida Dept. Agric. and Consumer Serv., Div. Plant Ind. Bull. 11 : 1-389.
Brenckle, J.F. 1917. North Dakota fungi - I. Mycologia 9 : 275-293.
Chen, M.-M. 2002. Forest fungi phytogeography: Forest fungi phytogeography of China, North America, and Siberia and international quarantine of tree pathogens. Pacific Mushroom Research and Education Center, Sacramento, California, 469 pages.
Farr, D.F., Bills, G.F., Chamuris, G.P., and Rossman, A.Y. 1989. Fungi on Plants and Plant Products in the United States. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, Minnesota, 1252 pages.
Gilman, J.C., Tiffany, L.H., and Lewis, R.M. 1957. Iowa Ascomycetes II. Diaporthaceae: Valseae. Iowa State Coll. J. Sci. 31: 623-647.
Pantidou, M.E. 1973. Fungus-host index for Greece. Benaki Phytopathol. Inst., Kiphissia, Athens., 382 pages.
Tai, F.L. 1979. Sylloge Fungorum Sinicorum. Sci. Press, Acad. Sin., Peking, 1527 pages.
Teng, S.C. 1996. Fungi of China. Mycotaxon, Ltd., Ithaca, NY, 586 pages.
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Written by Erica Cline, January 2006
Suggested citation: Cline, E. Valsa species (Anamorph Cytospora) on Rosa. Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. Retrieved November 21, 2009, from http://nt.ars-grin.gov/sbmlweb/OnlineResources/FungiOnline.cfm .
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